Here's how you open a profitable gym establishment

gym profitability

Launching a gym can be an exhilarating venture for fitness enthusiasts who are passionate about promoting health and wellness within their community.

Whether you're a seasoned fitness professional aiming to establish your own brand or a fitness aficionado looking to transform your passion into a thriving business, opening a gym requires strategic planning and commitment.

In this blog post, we'll navigate you through the crucial stages of starting a gym, from the initial blueprint to the ribbon-cutting ceremony.

How you should prepare to open a gym establishment

Market Research and Concept

Choose a concept

Choosing a concept is one of the first steps in opening a gym because it will define the type of fitness services you'll offer, the atmosphere of your gym, and the clientele you'll attract.

This decision will influence all subsequent choices, such as the gym's location, interior design, equipment selection, pricing, and marketing strategy. A well-defined concept can help your gym stand out in a crowded market and draw in the right members.

In essence, selecting a gym concept is like deciding on the theme of your fitness story before you lay out the gym floor and create the workout programs.

To assist you in making an informed choice, we have summarized the most popular gym concepts in the table below.

Concept Description Audience
Traditional Gym Offers a wide range of equipment for cardio, strength training, and free weights, catering to general fitness needs. Fitness enthusiasts, general public.
Boutique Fitness Studio Focuses on specialized group classes such as spinning, yoga, or pilates, often with a premium experience. Individuals looking for specialized classes and a community feel.
CrossFit Box Provides high-intensity functional training in a group setting, with an emphasis on strength and conditioning. Individuals seeking challenging workouts and a competitive atmosphere.
Luxury Health Club Offers high-end fitness facilities with additional amenities like spas, pools, and personal training services. Upscale clients, those seeking a luxury fitness experience.
24/7 Gym Provides round-the-clock access to gym facilities, catering to those with irregular schedules. Busy professionals, night-shift workers.
Women-Only Gym Creates a comfortable and supportive environment exclusively for women. Women of all ages seeking a supportive community.
Family Fitness Center Offers fitness programs for all ages, including childcare and youth sports programs. Families, parents, and children.
Functional Training Gym Specializes in functional fitness to improve daily movement with exercises that mimic real-life activities. Individuals focused on practical strength and mobility.
Athletic Training Facility Provides specialized equipment and training for athletes to enhance performance in specific sports. Amateur and professional athletes, sports teams.
Wellness Center Integrates fitness with wellness services such as nutrition counseling, meditation, and stress management classes. Health-conscious individuals, those seeking a holistic approach.
business plan fitness center

Pick an audience

When opening a gym, it's crucial to tailor your services and environment to the specific audience you aim to attract.

For instance, if you're targeting busy professionals, you might want to offer high-intensity interval training (HIIT) classes that fit into their tight schedules. Your gym could be situated in a business district, making it convenient for them to visit before or after work, or even during lunch breaks.

Conversely, if your goal is to attract stay-at-home parents, you might focus on providing childcare services and classes that allow for social interaction among parents. The location in this case would ideally be in residential areas with easy parking and access.

Understanding your target audience is essential because it influences every aspect of your gym, from the types of classes and equipment you offer to the design of your space and the amenities you provide. It's similar to choosing a present; you consider what the recipient enjoys before selecting the gift to ensure they'll appreciate it.

Moreover, knowing your audience enables you to communicate with them more effectively. If you're aware of who you're trying to reach, you can determine the best methods to advertise your gym. For example, if you're focusing on retirees, you might place ads in community centers or local newspapers that cater to that demographic.

In our business plan for a gym, we have outlined different customer segments that could be relevant for your business.

To provide you with a clearer picture of potential audiences for your gym, we've compiled a few typical examples below.

Customer Segment Description Preferences / Needs
Busy Professionals Individuals with limited time looking for efficient workouts. 24/7 access, high-intensity classes, personal training, and wellness services that fit into a busy schedule.
Stay-at-Home Parents Parents looking for a fitness routine that accommodates their child-rearing responsibilities. Childcare services, group classes, a supportive community atmosphere, and flexible membership options.
Weight Loss Seekers Individuals focused on losing weight and improving their health. Weight loss programs, nutritional counseling, cardio equipment, and motivational group classes.
Bodybuilders People aiming to build muscle and strength. Heavy lifting equipment, resistance machines, protein supplements, and space for compound movements.
Seniors Older adults seeking to maintain or improve their fitness levels. Low-impact exercise options, senior-focused classes, accessible facilities, and a community feel.
Athletes Competitive individuals looking for sport-specific training. Advanced equipment, performance tracking, specialized coaching, and recovery services.

Get familiar with the industry trends

As you might anticipate, staying informed about the emerging trends in the fitness industry is crucial when opening a gym. These trends can guide you in choosing the right concept for your gym.

Trends are indicative of what is currently popular and can help you draw in a diverse clientele who are eager to engage with the latest fitness crazes. By integrating trending workouts or wellness services, your gym can distinguish itself from competitors that may offer more conventional fitness solutions.

Actually, we update our business plan for a gym biannually to include the latest emerging trends. We believe this will assist you in creating a more successful gym business.

For instance, there's a surge in interest for high-intensity interval training (HIIT), functional fitness, and mind-body classes like yoga and Pilates. Gyms that provide these programs can appeal to a wide range of fitness enthusiasts.

Additionally, we've observed that consumers are increasingly seeking personalized fitness experiences, such as one-on-one coaching, tailored workout plans, and nutrition advice.

Moreover, with a growing emphasis on sustainability, gyms that implement eco-friendly practices, such as using energy-efficient equipment and offering biodegradable products, are gaining favor with environmentally conscious clients.

In the digital age, offering virtual classes and online training sessions can also expand your gym's reach and cater to the needs of clients who prefer working out at home.

We have compiled more trends in the table below.

Trend Description
HIIT and Functional Training Offering high-intensity interval training and functional fitness classes that focus on practical, everyday movements.
Mind-Body Wellness Incorporating yoga, Pilates, and meditation classes to cater to the growing demand for holistic health practices.
Eco-Friendly Practices Adopting sustainable measures, such as using energy-efficient equipment and biodegradable products.
Virtual Fitness Providing online classes and training sessions for clients who prefer or require at-home workouts.
Personalized Fitness Offering individual coaching, custom workout plans, and nutrition counseling for a tailored fitness experience.
Wearable Technology Integrating fitness trackers and smart equipment to enhance workout experiences and track progress.
Community Building Creating a sense of community through group classes, social events, and challenges to keep members engaged.
Recovery Services Adding services like massage therapy, cryotherapy, and foam rolling classes to aid in workout recovery.
Nutrition and Health Coaching Expanding services to include dietary advice and health coaching, emphasizing a holistic approach to fitness.
Outdoor Workouts Offering outdoor classes or boot camps to provide fresh air and a change of scenery for workouts.

However, there are also some declining trends.

You may have noticed that, as people become more interested in holistic and functional fitness, there's a decline in the popularity of gyms that only offer traditional weightlifting and cardio equipment without variety or innovation.

Also, with the rise of digital and at-home fitness, gyms that do not offer virtual training options or online community engagement may find it challenging to retain members.

Finally, with an increasing awareness of environmental issues, gyms that fail to adopt sustainable practices or continue to use excessive non-recyclable materials are likely to be viewed unfavorably.

business plan gym establishment

Choosing the right location

Selecting the right location for your gym is essential for its success, and it requires careful consideration of several factors.

Begin by analyzing the local demographics. Understanding the age, lifestyle, and fitness habits of the community can help you tailor your gym's services to meet their needs. For example, if the area has a high concentration of young professionals, you might focus on offering high-intensity interval training (HIIT) classes or functional fitness. If the community is older, consider providing low-impact classes and wellness programs.

Visibility and accessibility are key. A gym that's easy to spot and get to by foot, car, or public transport is more likely to attract members. Look for locations with high foot traffic, such as near office buildings or residential areas, to maximize spontaneous sign-ups.

Accessibility also includes ample parking or being within walking distance from your target customers' homes or workplaces.

Competition can be beneficial if it demonstrates a demand for fitness services, but too much can saturate the market. Aim to find a balance by choosing a location that isn't oversaturated with gyms but still has a proven interest in fitness.

Consider the cost of rent carefully. Prime locations with high visibility often come with higher rents, so you should ensure that the potential for membership sales justifies the expense. Sometimes, a less prominent location with significantly lower rent can be more profitable in the long run.

Negotiating favorable lease terms can greatly affect your gym's financial health. This might include securing a lease with renewal options, negotiating a cap on rent increases, or obtaining a period of reduced rent at the beginning to assist with initial setup costs.

Look into the growth potential of the area. Is the neighborhood developing, with new residential or commercial projects that could increase your customer base? Having the option to expand your gym within the same location can be a major advantage as your business grows.

Parking and public transportation access are critical for a gym, as convenience is a major factor in member retention. A location that's easy for clients to reach is more likely to maintain a steady membership base.

Using market research and demographic analysis tools can help pinpoint the best areas to open your gym. These tools can identify neighborhoods with an ideal customer profile for your fitness offerings.

The choice between a city center and a residential area depends on your target market and business model. City centers can provide a large pool of potential members but often come with higher competition and rents. Residential areas may offer a loyal local customer base and potentially lower rents but might require additional marketing efforts to become well-known.

Being situated near businesses, residential complexes, or educational institutions can ensure a consistent stream of potential members, especially if your gym offers services that cater to the daily routines of these populations.

It's also important to understand local zoning laws, health regulations, and other legal requirements to ensure that your chosen location is suitable for a gym. Compliance with these regulations from the outset can prevent costly changes and delays.

Finally, consider the long-term prospects of the location. Look into future developments in the area that could impact your gym, either positively by attracting more members or negatively by increasing competition or rent.

Startup budget and expenses

Calculate how much you need to start

On average, the initial capital needed to open a gym can vary significantly, ranging from $50,000 to $100,000 for a small-scale boutique gym to $200,000 to $500,000 for a larger facility with state-of-the-art equipment.

If you want to know the exact budget you will need for your own gym and also get a full detailed list of expenses, you can use the financial plan we have made, tailored to gyms. This excel file is extremely user-friendly and will provide you with an instant and full detailed analysis of your future project.

The budget can vary the most due to the location of the gym. Prime locations in high-traffic areas tend to have higher rental costs, which can significantly increase startup expenses.

The size of the gym also plays a crucial role in determining the initial investment. A larger space not only increases rent but also requires more equipment, staff, and amenities, leading to higher operational costs.

The quality of equipment is another significant factor. High-end, durable gym equipment is costly but can save money in the long run through efficiency and longevity. Conversely, starting with used or lower-quality equipment can reduce initial costs but may lead to higher maintenance or replacement costs over time.

If the available capital is limited, it's still possible to open a gym, but careful planning and prioritization are crucial. The very minimum budget could be around $30,000 to $50,000 if you choose a low-cost location, minimize the size of your operation, buy used equipment, and manage much of the work yourself. This approach requires a hands-on strategy, focusing on a niche market to reduce complexity and costs.

To make the most of a limited budget, consider the following tips.

Aspect Tips
Location Instead of prime retail locations, look into less expensive areas that still have potential for good membership traffic or consider a shared space with another business to lower rental costs.
Equipment Purchase used or refurbished gym equipment from reputable sources to save on initial costs. Focus on essential items and upgrade as your gym grows.
Services Start with a limited range of services focusing on popular fitness classes or personal training sessions that don't require a wide range of equipment. This approach can help reduce initial costs and inventory needs.
DIY and multitasking Taking on multiple roles within the gym, from personal training to customer service, can save on labor costs initially. Engage family and friends for support to minimize hiring.
Marketing Utilize low-cost marketing strategies such as social media, word-of-mouth, and local community events to build your membership base without spending much on advertising.
business plan gym establishment

Identify all your expenses

Opening a gym involves various expenses such as equipment purchases, licensing and permits, insurance, marketing and advertising, technology and software, staff training, supply chain establishment for consumables, and a reserve for unexpected expenses.

Essential equipment for a gym includes cardio machines, strength training equipment, free weights, and fitness accessories. The cost can range significantly, from $30,000 to $500,000, depending on the quality and quantity of the equipment. High-end or new equipment will be at the upper end of this range, while savings can be made by purchasing used equipment. Cardio and strength equipment are crucial as they are the core of your gym's offerings.

Licenses and permits are necessary for legal operation and can vary by location, typically ranging from a few hundred to several thousand dollars. This includes business licenses, health and safety permits, and possibly a music license if you plan to play music in your gym.

Insurance is essential to protect your business against liability, property damage, and other potential risks. Essential policies include general liability, property insurance, and workers' compensation if you have employees. Annual premiums can range from $3,000 to $10,000 or more, depending on your coverage levels and gym size.

Allocating funds for marketing and advertising is crucial for building a client base. Initially, you might spend between $2,000 to $10,000 on marketing efforts, including social media advertising, traditional advertising, and creating a website. The amount can vary based on your strategy and the competitiveness of your market.

Investing in technology and software for membership management, scheduling, and accounting software is important. Costs can range from $1,000 to $15,000, depending on the sophistication of the systems you choose. Subscription-based services may have ongoing monthly fees.

Staff training costs for fitness instructors and professional development are also important. Setting aside $1,000 to $5,000 for initial training and ongoing professional development can help ensure high-quality service. This also includes any costs for obtaining or maintaining professional certifications.

Establishing and maintaining a supply chain for consumables such as cleaning supplies, towels, and toiletries is an ongoing expense that can fluctuate. Initial inventory setup can cost between $1,000 to $5,000. Developing relationships with reliable suppliers and considering bulk purchases can help manage costs.

Finally, setting aside a reserve for unexpected expenses or emergencies is crucial. A good rule of thumb is to have at least three to six months' worth of operating expenses saved. This can cover unforeseen repairs, equipment failures, or shortfalls in cash flow.

Here is a summary table to make it easier to digest. For a full breakdown of expenses, please check our financial plan for gyms.

Expense Category Importance Cost Range (USD) Notes
Equipment High $30,000 - $500,000 Includes cardio machines, strength equipment, free weights, accessories. Core of gym offerings.
Licenses and Permits High Hundreds to thousands Varies by location. Necessary for legal operation.
Insurance High $3,000 - $10,000/year General liability, property, workers' compensation. Protects against various risks.
Marketing and Advertising Moderate to High $2,000 - $10,000 Initial efforts to build client base. Can vary based on strategy.
Technology and Software Moderate $1,000 - $15,000 For membership management, scheduling, and accounting. Essential for efficient operation.
Staff Training Moderate $1,000 - $5,000 For quality service. Includes costs for professional certifications.
Supply Chain and Inventory Ongoing Expense $1,000 - $5,000 For consumables like cleaning supplies, towels, toiletries. Initial setup cost, varies with needs.
Reserve for Unexpected Expenses High 3-6 months of operating expenses Covers unforeseen repairs, equipment failures, cash flow shortfalls.

Business plan and financing

Make a solid business plan

You might already be aware, but it's worth emphasizing that writing a business plan when opening a gym is essential.

Why is this the case? A business plan acts as a strategic guide for your venture, detailing your objectives, methods for achieving them, and the obstacles you may encounter along the way. A well-thought-out business plan is not only a tool for keeping you organized and on track but is also critical if you're looking to secure funding from investors or financial institutions, as it shows the feasibility and potential profitability of your gym.

The core elements of a gym business plan should include market analysis, financial planning, and operational strategy, among other things. Market analysis is crucial for understanding who your potential members are, their fitness preferences, and the competitive environment. This involves examining trends in the fitness industry, pinpointing your main competitors, and determining a niche or unique value proposition that distinguishes your gym from others.

Financial planning is another vital component. This section should detail your anticipated revenue streams, such as membership fees, personal training sessions, and class fees, as well as the costs associated with gym equipment, staff salaries, and other operational expenses. It should also feature projections for profit and loss, cash flow, and a break-even analysis. Financial planning offers a transparent view of your gym's fiscal status and prospects for growth, which you can find in our financial plan for a gym.

While the structure of a gym business plan shares commonalities with other types of business plans, the focus on certain areas may vary.

For instance, a gym will emphasize the importance of facility layout and design (to maximize space and equipment usage), membership retention strategies (to ensure a steady income), and location analysis (convenient access for members is often key for gyms). Additionally, showing adherence to health and safety standards specific to fitness facilities is crucial.

To create an effective gym business plan, you should conduct comprehensive research and maintain realistic expectations regarding your financial forecasts and capabilities. Engage with potential clients to grasp their fitness needs, preferences, and willingness to pay for your gym services. Also, think about how scalable your business model is and how you might grow or modify your services in the future.

For a gym, special attention should be given to establishing a strong brand identity and marketing strategy that connects with your intended audience. Emphasizing the expertise of your trainers, the variety of your workout programs, or the community aspect of your gym can set you apart in a competitive market.

Success depends not only on the quality of your fitness offerings but also on meticulous planning, understanding your market, managing your finances prudently, and implementing your operational strategy with precision.

Keep in mind, a business plan is not a static document but a dynamic one that should be revisited and refined as your gym expands and adapts.

business plan fitness center

Get financed

Don't have the capital to open your gym on your own? No problem, there are plenty of financing options available to you.

Financing for your gym can come from various sources: attracting investors, securing loans from banks or financial institutions, and applying for grants or subsidies.

Each financing method comes with its own set of benefits and things to consider.

Attracting investors means finding individuals or companies willing to put money into your gym in exchange for equity. This is great because you don't have to pay back the funds as you would with a loan.

However, it also means parting with a share of your business and possibly some control over how your gym is run.

For a gym, this could be a good strategy if you're looking to scale quickly or need substantial initial capital for state-of-the-art fitness equipment or a lease in a high-traffic area. To persuade investors, you'll need a robust business plan that shows growth potential, profitability, and a solid grasp of the fitness industry.

Securing a loan is another common financing route.

While loans do have to be repaid with interest, they allow you to maintain complete ownership of your gym. Loans can be used for a variety of purposes, such as buying equipment, covering startup costs, or financing renovations.

Banks usually require a down payment or collateral; this can vary but often falls between 15% to 25% of the loan's value. you should consider how much of your budget will come from loans to avoid overwhelming your gym with debt. Ideally, your gym's projected cash flow should easily cover loan repayments while still allowing for operational costs and growth.

Grants and subsidies are less common but can be a valuable resource.

These funds are typically provided by government bodies or non-profit organizations to support small businesses, particularly in areas or industries that are underserved. Grants don't need to be repaid, but they are competitive and often come with specific requirements.

For a gym, grants might not be the most reliable main source of funding but could complement other financing methods for particular projects or needs.

To effectively secure financing from lenders or investors for your gym, you must prove that your business concept is viable and profitable.

This means creating a comprehensive business plan that includes market analysis, a clear definition of your target demographic, detailed financial projections, and an effective marketing strategy. Your business plan should showcase what makes your gym unique, such as innovative fitness classes, a strong brand identity, or a strategic location.

Lenders and investors will judge your gym based on several factors, including your creditworthiness, business experience, available collateral, and the strength of your business plan.

They'll examine your gym's financial projections to determine if you can generate enough revenue to cover operating costs, repay debts, and turn a profit. Showing a deep understanding of the fitness market, including trends, customer preferences, and competitive analysis, will also strengthen your case.

Here's a summary table of the various financing options mentioned for opening a gym, along with their advantages, considerations, and potential uses:

Financing Option Advantages Considerations Potential Uses
Raising Capital
  • No repayment required
  • Can provide significant upfront capital
  • Requires giving up ownership stake
  • Potential loss of control
  • Scaling operations
  • Top-tier fitness equipment
  • Desirable location
Business Loans
  • Retain full ownership
  • Flexible use of funds
  • Requires repayment with interest
  • Down payment or collateral needed
  • Equipment purchase
  • Startup costs
  • Facility upgrades
Grants/Subsidies
  • No repayment required
  • Can target specific initiatives
  • Highly competitive
  • May have stringent conditions
  • Community outreach programs
  • Energy-efficient upgrades
  • Specialized training equipment

Legal and administrative setup

Permits and Licenses

Opening and operating a gym requires meticulous planning and compliance with various regulations and requirements to ensure the safety and well-being of your members, as well as to safeguard your business.

The specific permits, licenses, health department regulations, inspection schedules, consequences of non-compliance, and insurance policies you'll need will differ based on your location, but there are common standards that are applicable in many areas.

First, you'll need to secure the necessary business permits and licenses.

This often includes a general business license from your city or county, and possibly a special use permit if your gym offers unique services or is in a location with zoning restrictions. If you plan to sell merchandise or nutritional supplements, a sales tax permit will be required if your state imposes sales tax. Additionally, if you have a juice bar or snack area, you might need a food establishment permit.

It's imperative to consult with your local government to understand the specific requirements for your area.

Regarding health department regulations, gyms must adhere to sanitation and safety standards to prevent the spread of infectious diseases.

This involves maintaining clean facilities, ensuring equipment is properly sanitized, providing adequate locker room conditions, and regular training for employees on health and safety protocols. Health department inspections are carried out to verify compliance with these standards. The frequency of inspections can vary, but they are generally conducted at least annually or more frequently if there have been complaints or past issues. Some localities may also mandate a pre-operational inspection before the gym can open its doors.

Non-compliance with health department regulations can lead to penalties ranging from fines to the temporary shutdown of the business until issues are rectified.

In extreme cases, non-compliance can result in permanent closure or legal action. It is crucial to take these regulations seriously and ensure your gym meets all health and safety requirements.

Insurance is another essential component of protecting your gym business. At the very least, you'll need general liability insurance to cover accidents or injuries that occur on your premises.

Property insurance is also vital to protect your gym's equipment and facilities from damage or theft. If you employ staff, workers' compensation insurance will likely be mandatory by law to cover any work-related injuries or illnesses they might suffer.

Furthermore, professional liability insurance could be beneficial, especially if you offer personal training or fitness classes, as it can protect your business in case of claims related to the services provided.

business plan gym establishment

Business Structure

The three common structures for opening a gym are LLC (Limited Liability Company), partnership, and sole proprietorship. Each has their unique features and implications for your business.

Please note that we are not legal experts (we specialize in business and financial planning) and that your choice should be based on how much risk you're willing to accept, how you prefer to handle taxes, and your plans for growing and possibly selling your gym.

In simple terms, a sole proprietorship is simple and straightforward but carries personal liability. A partnership allows for shared responsibility but requires clear agreements to manage risks. An LLC offers a balance of protection and flexibility, making it a strong option for many businesses looking to scale.

Consider your long-term goals, and consult with a financial advisor or attorney to make the best choice for your gym.

We’ll make it easier for you, here is a summary table.

Feature Sole Proprietorship Partnership LLC
Formation Simplest to establish Simple, requires a partnership agreement More complex, requires filing Articles of Organization
Liability Unlimited personal liability Generally personal liability, but varies by partnership type Limited personal liability
Taxes Pass-through to personal taxes Pass-through to partners' personal taxes Flexible; can choose pass-through or corporate taxation
Ownership and Control Single owner, full control Shared among partners according to the partnership agreement Members have control; can be managed by members or managers
Raising Capital Limited to personal funds and loans Can pool resources from multiple partners Easier to attract investors; can sell membership interests
Expansion and Sale Tied closely to the owner, harder to sell Requires consensus among partners, can be complex Easier to transfer ownership, more attractive to buyers
Regulatory Requirements Minimal Moderate, depending on partnership structure More, including ongoing compliance and potential state-specific requirements

Getting started to open a gym establishment

Offer development

Design and lay out

Designing and laying out your gym for operational efficiency and an enhanced customer experience requires careful planning and strategic thinking.

Let's dive into how you can achieve this, focusing on customer flow, balancing equipment needs with budget, and ensuring health and safety.

Firstly, envisioning customer flow is paramount.

Your gym's design should guide members naturally from the entrance to the locker rooms, past the cardio equipment, to the strength training area, and finally to specialized zones like group fitness studios or personal training areas. This flow should be intuitive, reducing bottlenecks and ensuring a smooth transition from one workout area to the next. Place your most popular and versatile equipment, like treadmills and ellipticals, in a prominent position to immediately catch members' attention.

This setup not only showcases your gym's facilities but also encourages members to explore different workout options as they follow the designated path.

Regarding the design to facilitate this flow, consider the layout's openness and accessibility.

Wide aisles, clear signage, and a logical arrangement of the space encourage easy movement and comfort. The cardio and strength areas should be clearly marked and separate from each other to avoid confusion and congestion. If your gym also has a relaxation area, ensure it's comfortably distanced from the workout zones to maintain a peaceful atmosphere for those cooling down or socializing.

Balancing the need for high-quality equipment with budget constraints is a challenge many face.

Start by prioritizing essential equipment that directly impacts the quality of your members' workouts, such as weight machines and free weights. These are worth investing in because they are the backbone of your gym's operations. For other items, consider buying gently used or refurbished equipment from reputable suppliers to save money without significantly compromising quality.

Additionally, plan for equipment that offers versatility and efficiency, like adjustable benches or multi-station workout towers, to get the most value for your investment.

Health and safety in the gym layout are non-negotiable. Your design must incorporate zones designated for different activities to prevent accidents and injuries. For example, separate areas for cardio, strength, stretching, and group classes ensure that each type of workout is contained and controlled. Install hand sanitizing stations at key points, especially near the workout equipment and locker rooms, to encourage regular hygiene among members.

Specific protocols for equipment cleaning, maintenance, and usage are crucial for safety and compliance. Implement a system that ensures all machines are regularly sanitized and inspected, with clear instructions for members on how to use the equipment safely.

Train your staff thoroughly in gym safety practices, emphasizing the importance of equipment cleaning, monitoring the floor for potential hazards, and providing proper instruction on exercise techniques.

Regularly review and update these protocols to comply with local health regulations and best practices.

Craft your offer

Your gym's services and amenities will be the cornerstone of its success (or the reason for its shortcomings).

To begin, it's crucial to understand the preferences and needs of your target market. Engage with potential members through direct methods like surveys and social media interactions, as well as indirect methods such as analyzing local health trends and examining the offerings of successful competitors.

With a solid grasp of your target market's desires, you can start to develop a range of gym services that not only meets their fitness goals but also distinguishes your gym from others.

Offering a variety of classes that cater to different fitness levels and interests is an excellent way to attract a diverse clientele. This could include high-intensity interval training (HIIT) for those looking for a challenging workout, yoga or Pilates for members interested in flexibility and core strength, and specialized classes like spin or Zumba to add variety.

Creating partnerships with local health food stores or wellness practitioners can also enhance your gym's appeal. This not only supports local businesses but also provides your members with a holistic approach to health and fitness. You can schedule seasonal events or challenges that encourage members to try new activities or push their limits, fostering a sense of community and keeping the gym experience fresh and exciting.

To ensure your gym stands out, focus on unique services and high-quality equipment.

This can be achieved by offering state-of-the-art fitness equipment, innovative workout classes, and amenities that are not commonly found in other gyms, such as a rock climbing wall or an Olympic-sized swimming pool. Sharing success stories of your members or the expertise of your trainers can also add a personal touch that resonates with potential clients.

Maintaining high standards for your gym involves rigorous upkeep of equipment, cleanliness, and customer service.

This includes regular maintenance checks on equipment, ensuring the gym space is clean and welcoming, and providing thorough training for your staff. Consistency in the quality of your services builds trust with your members, who will appreciate the reliable and professional atmosphere of your gym. Invest in durable, high-quality equipment and continuous staff development to maintain a competitive edge.

Utilizing member feedback is vital for the ongoing enhancement of your gym's offerings. Establish channels for feedback, such as suggestion boxes, online surveys, and social media engagement, to gauge what your members appreciate and identify areas for improvement.

Be receptive to constructive criticism and ready to adapt based on member suggestions. This not only aids in refining your services but also demonstrates to your members that their opinions are valued, promoting loyalty and encouraging repeat patronage.

business plan fitness center

Determinate the right pricing

When opening a gym, it's crucial to establish a pricing strategy that balances profitability with customer satisfaction. Here's a structured approach to setting your gym membership and service prices.

Firstly, you need to thoroughly understand your costs, which include equipment, staff salaries, facility maintenance, utilities, and any additional services you offer. This will ensure that your prices not only cover these expenses but also contribute to your gym's profitability.

Once you have a clear picture of your costs, research the local market to understand the going rates for gym memberships and services. While you don't need to price match, this information provides a valuable reference point.

Understanding the price sensitivity and preferences of your target demographic is essential. Gather insights through surveys, feedback, or by experimenting with different price points and observing the effect on customer acquisition and retention. This will help you find the sweet spot where customers feel they're getting value without being overcharged.

Psychological pricing strategies can also be effective in a gym setting.

Charm pricing, such as $29.99 instead of $30, can make a membership fee seem more affordable. This tactic can be particularly useful for entry-level memberships or special introductory offers.

However, you should use this strategy wisely to maintain the perceived value of your gym services.

The perceived value is critical in the fitness industry.

Enhancing this perception can be achieved by investing in high-quality equipment, offering a range of classes, maintaining a clean and modern facility, and providing excellent customer service. These factors can justify a higher price point as customers perceive they are receiving more value for their money.

Consider implementing off-peak pricing to increase gym usage during typically slower periods. For example, offering a discounted rate for memberships that only allow access during mid-day hours can attract customers with flexible schedules looking for a deal.

When introducing new classes or personal training packages, introductory pricing can entice members to try them out. After a trial period, you can adjust prices based on popularity and feedback.

For online services, such as virtual classes or training sessions, pricing might differ from in-person offerings. You may need to consider the reduced overhead costs and the potential for a wider audience reach. Exclusive online deals can also drive membership sign-ups and class participation.

Lastly, be cautious with discounting. While promotions can attract new members, too much discounting can undermine your gym's brand and lead to a perception of lower quality. Use discounts strategically, such as for referrals or long-term membership commitments, without setting a precedent for constant price reductions.

Manage relationships with your service providers

Poor relationships with equipment manufacturers and service providers could undermine your gym business in no time.

On the contrary, building strong ties with these partners will ensure the continuous availability of high-quality gym equipment and services.

Regular communication, timely payments, and expressing appreciation for their products and services can foster loyalty and reliability. Be transparent about your expectations and needs, and whenever possible, visit their facilities. This deepens your understanding of their manufacturing processes and challenges, enabling you to work together more effectively.

Additionally, consider long-term contracts for key equipment pieces to secure better prices and guarantee supply, but also maintain a network of backup providers to mitigate risks of equipment failure or service interruptions.

For managing gym assets, inventory management techniques such as First-In, First-Out (FIFO) are essential. This approach ensures that older equipment is maintained or replaced before newer equipment, reducing the chance of having non-functional equipment. Regularly monitor equipment status to adjust maintenance schedules according to usage, avoiding equipment downtime and maximizing availability. Implementing a just-in-time (JIT) maintenance system can also be effective, where maintenance is scheduled and performed as needed based on equipment usage, though this requires precise usage forecasting.

Technology can significantly improve asset management and reduce downtime in a gym.

Implementing an asset management system that integrates with membership management systems allows for real-time tracking of equipment status and usage data. This technology can help predict maintenance needs more accurately, streamline maintenance processes, and identify trends that can inform equipment upgrades and promotional strategies.

Additionally, digital tools can facilitate better communication with equipment manufacturers and service providers, enabling more efficient maintenance scheduling and collaboration.

Scaling gym operations presents challenges such as maintaining equipment quality, managing increased costs, and ensuring member satisfaction. Address these challenges by standardizing maintenance procedures, training staff thoroughly, and investing in equipment that can withstand increased usage without compromising performance.

Scaling up also means more equipment and services, so negotiate pricing with manufacturers and service providers for bulk purchases without sacrificing equipment quality. Member satisfaction becomes even more critical as membership increases, requiring strict adherence to maintenance standards and more frequent equipment checks.

Implementing effective cost control measures involves scrutinizing every aspect of sourcing and maintaining gym equipment and services. Regularly review and negotiate with manufacturers and service providers to ensure you're getting the best prices without compromising quality.

Also, consider alternative equipment that may offer cost savings or seasonal pricing advantages. Utilize technology to track and analyze costs, maintenance, and equipment usage levels to identify areas for improvement. Reducing downtime not only cuts costs but also aligns with providing a reliable and satisfying experience for gym members.

business plan gym establishment

Hire the right people

When opening a gym, you should consider the specific roles you'll need to fill to ensure smooth operations and excellent customer service. You don't have to hire a full team right away, especially if you're working with a limited budget.

At the core, your gym will require a team that covers fitness services, customer support, and management.

For fitness services, you'll need certified personal trainers and group fitness instructors who can provide expert guidance and motivate your clients. A head trainer or fitness director is crucial, someone with extensive experience and the ability to develop and oversee your gym's fitness programs.

For customer support, front desk staff, including receptionists and membership sales associates, are essential to manage client interactions, sign-ups, and general inquiries. A gym manager or an owner-operator who can handle day-to-day operations, manage staff, and take care of administrative tasks, such as scheduling, equipment maintenance, and compliance with health and safety standards, is also vital.

Roles like specialized fitness instructors for niche classes, marketing specialists, and additional administrative staff might not be necessary at the start. These positions can be filled as your gym grows and the demand increases. Outsourcing can be a strategic move for roles like accounting, marketing, and IT support, allowing you to concentrate on your core business while utilizing external expertise.

When hiring for key positions, prioritize candidates with the right certifications, experience, and a passion for fitness and health.

For personal trainers and fitness instructors, look for nationally recognized certifications, as well as practical experience in a gym setting. Strong communication and motivational skills are crucial for these roles. For front desk staff, prioritize customer service experience and organizational skills. For managerial roles, seek candidates with experience in gym or fitness center management, a solid understanding of business operations, and leadership abilities.

To ensure potential hires are a good fit for your gym's culture and demands, consider practical assessments in your hiring process, such as mock training sessions for trainers or role-playing customer service scenarios for front desk staff.

Look for candidates who show a genuine passion for fitness and health, as well as the ability to adapt to the dynamic nature of the fitness industry.

Finding the right candidates can be challenging. Utilize fitness training schools, health and wellness forums, and social media platforms to reach potential candidates. Networking within local fitness communities and attending job fairs can also be effective strategies. Consider offering internships or apprenticeships to tap into emerging talent from fitness training programs.

Here is a summary table of the different job positions for your gym, and the average gross salary in USD.

Job Position Profile and Skills Average Monthly Gross Salary (USD)
Personal Trainer Certified in personal training, knowledge of exercise science, motivational skills 3,200
Fitness Instructor Specialized in group fitness, excellent communication, high energy 2,700
Gym Manager Leadership and management skills, knowledge of gym operations, customer service 4,500
Front Desk Staff Customer service skills, administrative abilities, knowledge of gym software 2,000
Membership Sales Associate Sales experience, understanding of fitness services, interpersonal skills 2,500 + commissions
Cleaner/Janitor Knowledge of cleaning chemicals and gym equipment, physical stamina, attention to detail 1,700

Running the operations of your gym establishment

Daily operations

Efficiently managing the daily operations of your gym can be a smooth and rewarding process. By adopting the right strategies, you can overcome common hurdles with ease and keep your focus on growing your business.

Firstly, a Point of Sale (POS) system tailored for gyms can greatly enhance your operational efficiency.

Choose a POS system that combines sales, membership management, and customer relationship management. This integration enables you to monitor sales as they happen, manage memberships more effectively, and maintain a record of customer workout preferences and attendance history.

Many advanced POS systems also include class booking and scheduling features, which can broaden your service offerings and accommodate clients who prefer to plan their workouts in advance.

For membership management, you'll want software that can keep track of member check-ins and usage patterns.

The top systems provide alerts for membership renewals and generate reports on member engagement, assisting you in making data-driven decisions. This helps in reducing churn by allowing you to engage with members at the right time with personalized offers or fitness tips based on their activities and preferences.

Some membership management tools also offer features like progress tracking for members, which is crucial for providing personalized fitness plans and monitoring member achievements.

As highlighted earlier in this article, maintaining good relationships with equipment suppliers and service providers is vital for a gym's success.

Establish clear communication channels and set early expectations regarding delivery schedules, equipment quality, and payment terms. A strong relationship can lead to better terms and dependability. It's also prudent to have a contingency plan and keep connections with multiple suppliers to ensure you can always meet your equipment and maintenance needs.

Keeping your team motivated and effective is about creating a supportive work environment and cultivating a culture of recognition and development.

Regular training sessions, clear communication of objectives and expectations, and constructive feedback can aid in this effort. Acknowledging and rewarding dedication and accomplishments also contribute to high morale. Ensure that work schedules are fair and consider your employees' work-life balance.

Ensuring that every member has a positive experience begins with the atmosphere of your gym, the quality of your equipment, and the service provided by your team.

Train your staff to be welcoming, knowledgeable, and efficient. Encourage them to remember regular members' names and workout preferences, making each visit feel personalized and valued.

Maintaining a clean and inviting gym, with clear signage and a layout that's easy to navigate, further improves the member experience.

Effective customer service policies for a gym might include satisfaction guarantees, clear policies on membership freezes or cancellations, and a system for collecting and acting on member feedback.

Make it simple for members to offer feedback, whether in the gym, through your website, or on social media. Address feedback swiftly and positively, showing that you value their opinions and are dedicated to enhancing their gym experience.

Handling member feedback and complaints with grace is essential. Always fully listen to the member's concerns before responding. Apologize where necessary and offer a solution or compensation, such as a free personal training session or a discount on future services.

Use negative feedback as a chance to refine your operations, facilities, or service. Transforming a negative experience into a positive one can often secure a loyal member.

business plan gym establishment

Revenues and Margins

Know how much you can make

Understanding the financial workings of a gym is crucial for its success and sustainability.

We have an in-depth article on the profitability of gyms that provides extensive details. Below, we'll summarize some key points.

One important metric for gyms is the average membership value, which is the average amount a member spends over a certain period, typically monthly or annually.

The average membership value can vary greatly depending on the type of gym and its pricing strategy. For high-end boutique fitness centers that offer specialized classes and personalized services, the average membership value might be higher, possibly between $100 and $200 per month.

Conversely, budget gyms that focus on providing basic equipment and facilities at a lower cost might have a lower average membership value, perhaps between $10 and $40 per month.

Mid-range gyms, which offer a balance of quality and affordability, could see an average membership value in the range of $45 to $80 per month.

When it comes to revenue, this too will vary. You can estimate your gym's revenue accurately with our financial plan tailored for gyms.

Urban gyms in densely populated areas might see monthly revenues ranging from $10,000 to over $200,000, translating to annual revenues from around $120,000 to over $2.4 million.

Rural gyms, with a smaller potential customer base, might expect more modest revenues, with annual figures often falling between $50,000 and $300,000.

Newly opened gyms may experience lower revenues initially as they work to build a customer base and brand recognition. Monthly revenues of less than $5,000 are not uncommon in the early stages.

Established gyms, on the other hand, can benefit from loyal members and referrals, leading to higher and more stable revenues.

Boutique fitness centers, while potentially charging higher prices, may have a limited customer base due to the specialized nature of their offerings. Annual revenues for such gyms might not typically exceed $1 million.

Chain gyms with multiple locations and brand recognition often see higher revenues, with some generating $500,000 to $1.5 million in annual revenue per location.

Gyms don't just earn money from memberships. They have various revenue streams that can be tapped into.

If you're looking for inspiration, here's a table that outlines the many different ways a gym can generate income.

Revenue Stream Description
Membership Fees Regular income from members who pay monthly, quarterly, or annual fees.
Personal Training Offering one-on-one coaching sessions for fitness, nutrition, and wellness.
Group Classes Conducting group fitness classes like yoga, spinning, or pilates.
Day Passes Selling one-time access passes for non-members to use the gym facilities.
Merchandise Sales Selling gym-branded apparel, workout gear, and accessories.
Supplement Sales Offering nutritional supplements, protein powders, and vitamins for sale.
Online Coaching Providing virtual training sessions and fitness programs.
Childcare Services Offering childcare for members while they work out.
Specialty Workshops Hosting workshops or seminars on specific fitness topics or techniques.
Corporate Wellness Programs Partnering with companies to provide gym access or fitness programs for their employees.
Spa and Recovery Services Providing services like massages, saunas, or cryotherapy for post-workout recovery.
Equipment Rental Renting out gym equipment for home use or special events.
Locker Rentals Charging fees for locker use or offering premium locker services.
Food and Beverage Sales Selling healthy snacks, smoothies, and drinks at a gym café or vending machines.
Loyalty Programs Rewarding members with discounts, free sessions, or other perks for their continued patronage.
Franchising Opportunities Expanding the gym brand through franchising to other entrepreneurs.
Sponsorship and Advertising Generating revenue by allowing brands to advertise in the gym space or on the gym's digital platforms.
Hosting Events and Competitions Organizing fitness competitions, health fairs, or other events with entry fees or sponsorships.
Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Offering specialized services for injury recovery and physical therapy.
Outdoor Fitness Retreats Organizing outdoor fitness retreats or boot camps as premium offerings.

Understand your margins

As with any business, understanding the financial health of a gym requires more than just looking at the revenue. It's crucial to delve into the expenses and margins to gauge the actual profitability of the fitness center.

Let's explore the gross and net margins, which are key indicators of a gym's financial performance.

To calculate your own margins and get a precise figure for your potential profit, you can adjust the assumptions in our financial model designed for gyms.

Gyms typically have gross margins that range from 40% to 70%. This is a reflection of the relatively high value of gym memberships and services compared to the direct costs of providing them.

Gross margin is determined by subtracting the cost of goods sold (COGS), which for a gym includes direct costs like fitness equipment maintenance and instructor salaries, from the revenue generated from membership fees and other services. This figure is then divided by the revenue and multiplied by 100 to get a percentage.

Net margins incorporate not only COGS but also all other expenses a gym faces, such as facility rent, utilities, marketing, administrative expenses, and taxes. Net margin is calculated by subtracting all operating expenses from the gross profit.

Net margins offer a more complete view of a gym's profitability and are typically lower than gross margins, with industry averages often ranging from 10% to 20%, reflecting the tighter profitability after all costs are considered.

Different types of gyms—boutique studios, commercial chains, and specialized fitness centers—can have varying profit margins due to differences in their business models, scale of operations, and target clientele. Here is a table to illustrate these differences.

Gym Type Price Point Operational Costs Economies of Scale Potential Margins
Boutique Studio Higher Higher Lower Potentially higher due to niche market appeal
Commercial Chain Competitive Lower Higher Increased due to volume and membership base
Specialized Fitness Center Premium Higher Varies Higher if specialized services attract dedicated clientele

Margins in the gym industry are influenced by factors such as service offerings, pricing strategies, and operational scale.

A diverse range of services can attract a wider customer base but may also increase operational complexity and costs.

Pricing strategy is critical; membership fees and service charges must be competitive yet sufficient to cover costs and yield a profit. The scale of operations can impact cost efficiencies, with larger gym chains often benefiting from economies of scale.

Recurring expenses that affect gym margins include equipment maintenance, staff salaries, facility rent, and utilities. Equipment costs can be significant, especially for gyms that offer the latest fitness technology. Staffing costs are also a major expense, particularly for gyms that provide personal training and specialized classes. Rent can vary greatly depending on location, and utilities can be substantial, especially for large facilities with extensive equipment.

Gyms that focus on niche markets, such as high-intensity interval training (HIIT) or wellness-oriented services, may experience different margin dynamics compared to general fitness centers.

While niche gyms can command higher prices, they also face higher operational costs and may have a more limited market size, which can affect overall margins.

External factors such as economic conditions, seasonal trends, and health and fitness industry developments also play a significant role in gym margins. Economic downturns can lead to reduced membership sign-ups, while New Year's resolutions and summer fitness goals can drive membership spikes. Staying current with industry trends and adapting services accordingly can help manage these fluctuations.

Overcoming the challenges of maintaining healthy margins amidst rising equipment and labor costs is crucial. Gyms can address these challenges through effective cost management, strategic pricing, optimizing operations for energy efficiency, and investing in technology to enhance productivity.

Regular monitoring and analysis of financial performance, including gross and net margins (which can be done with our financial model specifically for gyms), is essential for ensuring the financial health and long-term success of a gym.

business plan fitness center

Implement a strong marketing strategy

Marketing doesn't need to be as complex as some experts make it seem. We understand you'll be busy managing your gym and won't have an abundance of time for extensive promotional campaigns. So, we'll ensure our approach is straightforward and impactful, much like the marketing strategy we've detailed in our business plan for a gym.

Creating a brand for your gym is not just important; it's essential.

Your brand is the identity your customers will connect with and remember. It's more than just your logo or the equipment you offer; it's the atmosphere, the community you build, and the lifestyle you promote. Your brand should mirror the quality of your services, the ethos of your gym, and the values you uphold, such as health, wellness, or elite performance. This differentiates your gym in a competitive market and fosters a dedicated membership base.

For your marketing plan, begin by identifying your target audience. Who are your potential members? What do they seek in a gym? Are they after convenience, high-end equipment, group classes, or personal training services? Knowing your audience will steer your branding and marketing efforts.

Regarding promotion, social media and digital marketing are invaluable for gyms. Platforms like Instagram and Facebook are ideal for displaying your facilities and community through vivid photos and dynamic content.

Share glimpses into member success stories, which adds a human element and demonstrates the results and support your gym offers.

Member testimonials and reviews can foster trust and motivate others to join your gym. Fitness tips or workout videos can also engage your audience, providing them with useful information and positioning your gym as a leader in fitness expertise.

Content strategies that resonate with gym-goers include highlighting unique equipment or classes, showcasing transformations, and promoting health and wellness tips. Collaborating with local health-focused businesses or fitness influencers can also increase your visibility.

However, not all strategies may be suitable for your gym. For instance, if your target audience is within a specific neighborhood, international advertising might not yield the best return on investment. Similarly, if your gym is tailored towards weightlifting, focusing heavily on yoga or pilates might not align with your brand.

Even on a tight budget, there are clever tactics you can employ to attract new members.

First, consider participating in local health fairs or community events where you can showcase your gym and offer trial memberships. This not only boosts sign-ups but also enhances your gym's profile.

You can also host open days or fitness challenges to get people excited about your gym's environment and community.

Partnering with local health food stores or corporate offices can extend your reach and tap into a new customer base.

Implementing a referral program can incentivize current members to bring in friends and family, leveraging the power of word-of-mouth marketing.

Lastly, a loyalty program can motivate members to stay engaged. Simple check-in challenges or rewards for attending a certain number of classes can be highly motivating.

Remember, the key is to create a marketing strategy that resonates with your brand and appeals to your target audience, ensuring your gym's success.

Grow and expand

We want you to be successful with your gym. We hope the explanations provided above will assist you in achieving that.

Now, let’s consider you’re actually successful and running a gym with healthy margins generating significant cash flow. Then, it’s time to think of how you can scale and expand your business.

There's always room for more success, and we're here to guide you on how to achieve it.

Also, please know that there is a 3-year development plan tailored for a gym in our business plan template.

First, you have to know that successful gym owners often share qualities such as resilience, adaptability, a deep understanding of their craft, and the ability to connect with and understand their clients. These traits are crucial as they navigate the complex process of growing their business.

Before expanding a gym's service offerings, consider the existing market demand, the compatibility of new services with your current offerings, and how these additions will affect your operations.

Market research plays a vital role in this decision-making process. By analyzing client preferences, current fitness trends, and the success of similar services in the market, you can make informed decisions that align with your gym's capabilities and client expectations.

Evaluating the success of current operations involves looking at membership trends, client feedback, and operational efficiency. If your gym consistently meets or exceeds membership targets, receives positive feedback, and operates efficiently, it may be time to consider expansion.

Opening additional locations should be based on solid evidence of demand, a thorough understanding of the target market, and the financial health of your current operation.

Franchising offers a way to expand with lower capital risk, leveraging the entrepreneurial spirit of franchisees.

However, it requires a strong brand, proven operational systems, and the ability to support franchisees. Opening owned branches provides more control over operations and client experience but requires more capital and direct management. Each model has its benefits and challenges, and the choice depends on your business goals, resources, and how you prefer to grow.

Digital channels, including online training platforms and fitness apps, can significantly boost a gym's reach and sales. Establishing an online presence allows you to cater to clients beyond your immediate geographic location, adapting to the increasing demand for virtual fitness solutions.

This strategy requires an understanding of digital marketing, logistics for remote service delivery, and maintaining service quality in a virtual environment.

Branding is crucial as it differentiates your gym in a competitive market. A strong, consistent brand identity across all locations and platforms can enhance client loyalty and attract new business. Strengthen your brand by ensuring that every client touchpoint reflects your gym's values, aesthetic, and quality.

Maintaining consistency across multiple locations is challenging but essential. This can be achieved through detailed operational manuals, training programs, and quality control systems.

Regular visits and audits, along with fostering a strong, shared culture, help ensure each location upholds the standards that contributed to your original site's success.

Financial metrics and business benchmarks indicating readiness for expansion include consistent profitability, a strong cash flow, and meeting or exceeding membership projections over a significant period.

Additionally, having a scalable business model and the operational capacity to support growth is crucial.

Partnerships with other businesses and participation in local events can introduce your gym to new clients and markets. These opportunities allow for creative collaboration, community engagement, and brand visibility, contributing to your gym's growth.

Scaling services to meet increased demand involves logistical considerations such as equipment upgrades, efficient inventory management, and possibly expanding your physical space. Ensuring that your supply chain can handle the increased volume without sacrificing quality is key.

Finally, it's essential that your expansion efforts stay true to your gym's core values and long-term goals. Growth should not come at the expense of what made your gym successful in the first place.

Regularly revisiting your business plan and values can help ensure that your expansion strategies align with your vision and mission, sustaining the heart of your gym as it grows.

business plan gym establishment
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